PLS FOUNDATION
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Guides 25–31 of 31
Physics
IntermediateA student can walk a long route and finish near the starting point.
Learning outcome: Calculate journey averages, interpret position–time and velocity–time graphs, and solve constant-acceleration problems while checking when their assumptions apply.
Read the guide →Chemistry
IntermediateThe periodic table is a map of relationships.
Learning outcome: Read a periodic-table entry, compare selected main-group elements, and justify a prediction while stating the limits of the pattern.
Read the guide →Physics
BeginnerA measured bench length and a calculator result are not equally certain.
Learning outcome: Read instruments thoughtfully, convert units, distinguish random variation from a systematic offset, and report a calculated quantity without overstating its precision.
Read the guide →Earth, weather & environment
IntermediateRain can run off, remain in soil, return to the air or recharge an aquifer.
Learning outcome: Distinguish infiltration, recharge and groundwater flow; calculate a catchment budget and estimate storage change under clearly stated aquifer assumptions.
Read the guide →Physics
BeginnerWhen a school announcement reaches the back of a room, air from the loudspeaker has not travelled all the way into every listener’s ear.
Learning outcome: Distinguish particle motion from wave motion, calculate wavelength and echo distance, and explain the main stages of hearing using a labelled paper model.
Read the guide →Earth, weather & environment
IntermediateOne cool afternoon does not settle a climate question, and a smooth graph does not remove uncertainty.
Learning outcome: Calculate temperature anomalies and changes between period means, identify measurement artefacts and distinguish an observed trend from a forecast or causal explanation.
Read the guide →Physics
IntermediateLifting the same box slowly or quickly changes the required average power, while the ideal energy transfer can stay the same.
Learning outcome: Calculate signed work, kinetic and gravitational potential energy, distinguish energy from power, and test whether a mechanical-energy shortcut is justified.
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