Purnima Lallan Sharma Foundation · Est. 2021
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Reference portal: image credits

Photographs, manuscripts and teaching diagrams, with sources, creator credits and reuse licences.

A stone pavilion on Hemakuta Hill overlooking Virupaksha Temple in Hampi, Karnataka.
Hampi, Karnataka · Ingo Mehling · CC BY-SA 4.0

Hampi, Karnataka

Ingo Mehling · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Grandparents and their granddaughter sharing a happy moment at home in India.
An everyday family moment · PR Kavitha · CC BY-SA 4.0

An everyday family moment

PR Kavitha · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Puppies playing beside their mother at Lal Bagh in Bengaluru.
A dog family at Lal Bagh, Bengaluru · Framesnlight · CC BY-SA 4.0

A dog family at Lal Bagh, Bengaluru

Framesnlight · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A metal vernier caliper with measurement markings on a wooden surface.
A vernier caliper for measuring dimensions. · Santeri Viinamäki · CC BY-SA 4.0

A vernier caliper for measuring dimensions.

Santeri Viinamäki · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

Creator’s website or profile

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Blue copper(II) sulfate crystals in a clear round container.
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate crystals. · Crystal Titan · CC BY-SA 4.0

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate crystals.

Crystal Titan · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

Creator’s website or profile

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A close view of green leaves with visible central and branching veins.
Leaf veins photographed in Chiavari, Italy, in 2016. · Alessandro Puzielli · CC BY-SA 4.0

Leaf veins photographed in Chiavari, Italy, in 2016.

Alessandro Puzielli · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

Creator’s website or profile

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Rows of solar panels beside a track, with electricity pylons in the background.
Solar panels and electricity infrastructure in India, 2026. · Manjunatha G, WELL Labs · CC BY-SA 4.0

Solar panels and electricity infrastructure in India, 2026.

Manjunatha G, WELL Labs · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Two students sharing a desktop computer during a class near Baroda, Gujarat.
A computer class near Baroda, Gujarat, photographed in January 2007. · © Yann Forget / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 3.0

A computer class near Baroda, Gujarat, photographed in January 2007.

© Yann Forget / Wikimedia Commons · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

Creator’s website or profile

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A tailor using a sewing machine in Varanasi while another worker handles fabric nearby.
Tailoring work in Varanasi, India; photographed in 2005. · © Jorge Royan / http://www.royan.com.ar · CC BY-SA 3.0

Tailoring work in Varanasi, India; photographed in 2005.

© Jorge Royan / http://www.royan.com.ar · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

Creator’s website or profile

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Stacks of books, wooden catalogue drawers and bookshelves inside the State Central Library in Hyderabad.
State Central Library, Hyderabad; photographed in December 2024. · Saiphani02 · CC BY 4.0

State Central Library, Hyderabad; photographed in December 2024.

Saiphani02 · Source page

CC BY 4.0

Creator’s website or profile

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Memorial bust of Savitribai Phule on a labelled pedestal at Maharashtra Sadan, New Delhi.
A memorial sculpture of Savitribai Phule at Maharashtra Sadan, New Delhi. Photograph: Ashish Bhatnagar, 19 March 2017. · आशीष भटनागर (Ashish Bhatnagar) · CC BY-SA 3.0

A memorial sculpture of Savitribai Phule at Maharashtra Sadan, New Delhi. Photograph: Ashish Bhatnagar, 19 March 2017.

आशीष भटनागर (Ashish Bhatnagar) · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

Creator’s website or profile

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Memorial bust of B. R. Ambedkar above an identifying name plaque in Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra.
A memorial bust of B. R. Ambedkar in Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra. Photograph: Snehrashmi (Vijay Barot), 25 November 2019. · Snehrashmi (Vijay Barot) · CC BY-SA 4.0

A memorial bust of B. R. Ambedkar in Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra. Photograph: Snehrashmi (Vijay Barot), 25 November 2019.

Snehrashmi (Vijay Barot) · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

Creator’s website or profile

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Rabindranath Tagore seated in a chair, holding a book, in a full-length black-and-white photograph.
Rabindranath Tagore in a 1916 photograph preserved by the Library of Congress, catalogue 99403031. · Library of Congress · photographer unrecorded · Public domain

Rabindranath Tagore in a 1916 photograph preserved by the Library of Congress, catalogue 99403031.

Library of Congress · photographer unrecorded · Source page

Public domain

Creator’s website or profile

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A black-and-white profile portrait of Sarojini Naidu wearing a draped head covering and necklaces.
Sarojini Naidu in the portrait published with The Bird of Time in 1912. The photographer is unknown. · Unknown photographer · Public domain

Sarojini Naidu in the portrait published with The Bird of Time in 1912. The photographer is unknown.

Unknown photographer · Source page

Public domain

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C. V. Raman in a black-and-white portrait, wearing a turban, jacket and tie.
C. V. Raman in a portrait dated 1930 in the Nobel Foundation source record on Wikimedia Commons. · Nobel Foundation · Public domain

C. V. Raman in a portrait dated 1930 in the Nobel Foundation source record on Wikimedia Commons.

Nobel Foundation · Source page

Public domain

Creator’s website or profile

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Janaki Ammal seated in a historical portrait, wearing a sari.
Janaki Ammal in a portrait published in The Modern Review, February 1938. The photographer is unknown. · Unknown photographer; The Modern Review, February 1938 · Public domain (Commons: PD-India)

Janaki Ammal in a portrait published in The Modern Review, February 1938. The photographer is unknown.

Unknown photographer; The Modern Review, February 1938 · Source page

Public domain (Commons: PD-India)

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Srinivasa Ramanujan facing the camera in a black-and-white passport photograph preserved at Trinity College.
Srinivasa Ramanujan in a passport photograph catalogued as [1913], Trinity College, Cambridge, Add.Ms.a.94.7. · Unknown photographer; Trinity College, Cambridge · CC BY 4.0

Srinivasa Ramanujan in a passport photograph catalogued as [1913], Trinity College, Cambridge, Add.Ms.a.94.7.

Unknown photographer; Trinity College, Cambridge · Source page

CC BY 4.0

Creator’s website or profile

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Vikram Sarabhai, on the left, and NASA Administrator Thomas O. Paine, on the right, signing documents at a table.
Vikram Sarabhai (left) and Thomas O. Paine signing a satellite education agreement, 18 September 1969. NASA photograph GPN-2002-000081. · NASA · Public domain (NASA)

Vikram Sarabhai (left) and Thomas O. Paine signing a satellite education agreement, 18 September 1969. NASA photograph GPN-2002-000081.

NASA · Source page

Public domain (NASA)

Creator’s website or profile

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Low cloud partly hides green wooded hills in the Western Ghats, Karnataka.
Monsoon cloud over the Western Ghats at Bettada Bhyraveshwara, near Sakleshpur, Karnataka. · Rakdept · CC BY-SA 4.0

Monsoon cloud over the Western Ghats at Bettada Bhyraveshwara, near Sakleshpur, Karnataka.

Rakdept · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

Creator’s website or profile

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Rock columns and fractured rock platforms meet the sea at St Mary’s Islands, Karnataka.
Rock columns along the shore of St Mary’s Islands, Karnataka. · Greeshma Pathri Suresh · CC BY-SA 4.0

Rock columns along the shore of St Mary’s Islands, Karnataka.

Greeshma Pathri Suresh · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

Creator’s website or profile

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A white die and a red die on a pale surface.
Two six-sided dice provide a concrete way to count possible outcomes, express proportions and compare repeated samples. · Schlurcher · CC BY 4.0

Two six-sided dice provide a concrete way to count possible outcomes, express proportions and compare repeated samples.

Schlurcher · Source page

CC BY 4.0

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Two beakers of water beneath laboratory stirrers.
A laboratory demonstration of microplastic flocculation using fenugreek polymer. It illustrates separation research; it is not the hydrogel experiment discussed in this lesson. · JosephTarletonTX · CC0

A laboratory demonstration of microplastic flocculation using fenugreek polymer. It illustrates separation research; it is not the hydrogel experiment discussed in this lesson.

JosephTarletonTX · Source page

CC0

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Young rice plants in rows in a flooded field, with trees beyond.
A rice field in Wayanad, Kerala. The photograph shows the crop context; it does not identify a genome-edited variety or the field trial described in the lesson. · Unnimaya5 · CC BY-SA 4.0

A rice field in Wayanad, Kerala. The photograph shows the crop context; it does not identify a genome-edited variety or the field trial described in the lesson.

Unnimaya5 · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A large DNA sequencing instrument and its laboratory workstation.
A MegaBACE DNA sequencing instrument. Sequencing equipment turns laboratory measurements into sequence data; this is an illustrative instrument, not a photograph of the IndiGenomes project. · Nels A. Olson · CC BY-SA 4.0

A MegaBACE DNA sequencing instrument. Sequencing equipment turns laboratory measurements into sequence data; this is an illustrative instrument, not a photograph of the IndiGenomes project.

Nels A. Olson · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A square Intel i386 microprocessor package with pins along its underside.
An Intel A80386DX-25 processor package, shown as an example of a manufactured processor. It is not the SHAKTI MOUSHIK chip. · Mister rf · CC BY-SA 4.0

An Intel A80386DX-25 processor package, shown as an example of a manufactured processor. It is not the SHAKTI MOUSHIK chip.

Mister rf · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A sharply outlined bootprint in the fine, grey material on the Moon.
Buzz Aldrin’s Apollo 11 photograph of a bootprint in lunar regolith, 1969. It illustrates the Moon’s loose surface material; it is not a Chandrayaan-3 image. · NASA / Buzz Aldrin · Public domain

Buzz Aldrin’s Apollo 11 photograph of a bootprint in lunar regolith, 1969. It illustrates the Moon’s loose surface material; it is not a Chandrayaan-3 image.

NASA / Buzz Aldrin · Source page

Public domain

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A grey rectangular concrete block with three hollow openings.
A hollow concrete block photographed in Japan. Its outer dimensions and voids matter when estimating volume and material use. The photograph makes no claim that this block stores captured carbon. · katorisi · CC BY 2.5

A hollow concrete block photographed in Japan. Its outer dimensions and voids matter when estimating volume and material use. The photograph makes no claim that this block stores captured carbon.

katorisi · Source page

CC BY 2.5

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An exposed soil face with a dark surface layer, reddish subsoil and a measuring tape.
A soil profile with an argillic horizon near Raleigh, North Carolina. Layers and their depths help describe soil formation and the material through which water moves. · Cjrufe · CC0

A soil profile with an argillic horizon near Raleigh, North Carolina. Layers and their depths help describe soil formation and the material through which water moves.

Cjrufe · Source page

CC0

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A person adjusts instruments on a weather station beneath a clear sky.
A USDA weather station used to record environmental measurements. Repeated measurements help distinguish daily weather from longer trends and compare related variables. · USDA photo by Scott Bauer. Image Number K7688-7 · Public domain

A USDA weather station used to record environmental measurements. Repeated measurements help distinguish daily weather from longer trends and compare related variables.

USDA photo by Scott Bauer. Image Number K7688-7 · Source page

Public domain

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A glass laboratory thermometer beside its protective case on a dark background.
A laboratory thermometer with a graduated scale. Temperature readings require units; converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit is an example of a linear function. · Lilly_M · CC BY-SA 3.0

A laboratory thermometer with a graduated scale. Temperature readings require units; converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit is an example of a linear function.

Lilly_M · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

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Eight metal tuning forks of different sizes arranged side by side.
Tuning forks made for different frequencies. A vibrating fork transfers energy to the surrounding air and produces sound. · K.Venkataramana · CC0

Tuning forks made for different frequencies. A vibrating fork transfers energy to the surrounding air and produces sound.

K.Venkataramana · Source page

CC0

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Educational diagram showing the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver and intestines in the human body.
A diagram of the human digestive tract. Follow the route from mouth to stomach and intestines, and distinguish the passage of food from the work of supporting organs. · Mariana Ruiz, Jmarchn · Public domain

A diagram of the human digestive tract. Follow the route from mouth to stomach and intestines, and distinguish the passage of food from the work of supporting organs.

Mariana Ruiz, Jmarchn · Source page

Public domain

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Front-view diagram of the human heart and red and blue blood vessels throughout the body.
A simplified diagram of human circulation. Red and blue are diagram conventions for different blood pathways; human blood is not blue. · LadyofHats, Mariana Ruiz Villarreal · Public domain

A simplified diagram of human circulation. Red and blue are diagram conventions for different blood pathways; human blood is not blue.

LadyofHats, Mariana Ruiz Villarreal · Source page

Public domain

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A mechanical balance with two circular pans and a central indicator.
A two-pan balance provides a physical model of equality: adding the same mass to both sides preserves balance. · Lilly_M · CC BY-SA 3.0

A two-pan balance provides a physical model of equality: adding the same mass to both sides preserves balance.

Lilly_M · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

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Successive positions of a yellow ball trace two bouncing arcs against a black background.
A bouncing ball photographed with 25 stroboscopic flashes per second. The spacing reveals changes in speed, and the lower second bounce shows energy transferred away from the ball’s mechanical motion. · MichaelMaggs; edited by Richard Bartz · CC BY-SA 3.0

A bouncing ball photographed with 25 stroboscopic flashes per second. The spacing reveals changes in speed, and the lower second bounce shows energy transferred away from the ball’s mechanical motion.

MichaelMaggs; edited by Richard Bartz · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

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Glass prisms refract light into brightly coloured bands against a dark background.
Light refracted and dispersed by glass prisms. Changes in direction and the separation of colours can be observed in the same optical setup. · Sobolishko · CC BY 4.0

Light refracted and dispersed by glass prisms. Changes in direction and the separation of colours can be observed in the same optical setup.

Sobolishko · Source page

CC BY 4.0

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Blue-lit onion epidermal cells with visible outlines and dark nuclei in a circular microscope view.
Onion epidermal cells viewed through a microscope. Microscopy reveals structures at scales much smaller than everyday objects; a scale bar or calibrated magnification is needed to measure their size. · Katekor1 · CC BY 4.0

Onion epidermal cells viewed through a microscope. Microscopy reveals structures at scales much smaller than everyday objects; a scale bar or calibrated magnification is needed to measure their size.

Katekor1 · Source page

CC BY 4.0

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A Ganges river dolphin surfaces with its long snout raised above the river.
A Ganges river dolphin at the water surface. Brief sightings help explain why survey effort and detectability matter when estimating a river population. · Kukil Gogoi · CC BY-SA 4.0

A Ganges river dolphin at the water surface. Brief sightings help explain why survey effort and detectability matter when estimating a river population.

Kukil Gogoi · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A hand holds a labelled Covaxin vaccine vial.
A 5 ml Covaxin (BBV152) vial photographed in Bihar in May 2021. A product photograph identifies the vaccine; its efficacy must be assessed from trial data. · DTM · CC BY-SA 4.0

A 5 ml Covaxin (BBV152) vial photographed in Bihar in May 2021. A product photograph identifies the vaccine; its efficacy must be assessed from trial data.

DTM · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Layered rocky hills and a lowered valley in an arid landscape in Yemen.
A graben north of Mukalla, Yemen, associated with rifting of the Gulf of Aden. Faulting and displaced rock layers preserve evidence of crustal movement. · Benoit hauville · Public domain

A graben north of Mukalla, Yemen, associated with rifting of the Gulf of Aden. Faulting and displaced rock layers preserve evidence of crustal movement.

Benoit hauville · Source page

Public domain

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Four decorated folios of a Bhagavad Gita manuscript, with Sanskrit writing and coloured floral and geometric borders.
A nineteenth-century Bhagavad Gita manuscript from North India, in the Library of Congress collection. · Unknown manuscript maker; Library of Congress · Public domain

A nineteenth-century Bhagavad Gita manuscript from North India, in the Library of Congress collection.

Unknown manuscript maker; Library of Congress · Source page

Public domain

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A cream-coloured manuscript page of the Maitrayaniya Upanishad covered with handwritten Devanagari text.
An 1860s manuscript copy of the Maitrayaniya Upanishad in Sanskrit and Devanagari; photographed in 2018. The manuscript is a later copy of the text. · Ms Sarah Welch · CC BY-SA 4.0

An 1860s manuscript copy of the Maitrayaniya Upanishad in Sanskrit and Devanagari; photographed in 2018. The manuscript is a later copy of the text.

Ms Sarah Welch · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A stone path between lawns leads toward two stupas at Sanchi.
Buddhist monuments at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, photographed on 17 March 2011. · Nandanupadhyay · CC BY-SA 3.0

Buddhist monuments at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, photographed on 17 March 2011.

Nandanupadhyay · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

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A veterinary technician examines a brown dog while another woman steadies it.
An annual veterinary check-up at Yokota Air Base, Japan, in 2007. · SrA Veronica Pierce / U.S. Air Force · Public domain (U.S. Air Force)

An annual veterinary check-up at Yokota Air Base, Japan, in 2007.

SrA Veronica Pierce / U.S. Air Force · Source page

Public domain (U.S. Air Force)

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A ramp with metal handrails leads to a building entrance.
An accessible entrance at University College of Medical Sciences, photographed in 2013. · Dr Satendra · CC BY-SA 3.0

An accessible entrance at University College of Medical Sciences, photographed in 2013.

Dr Satendra · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

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A laptop, lamp, notebook and small plant on a desk.
A desktop workspace photographed in 2016. · Radek Grzybowski · CC0 1.0

A desktop workspace photographed in 2016.

Radek Grzybowski · Source page

CC0 1.0

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A white USB security key attached to a metal key ring on a wooden surface.
A YubiKey USB security device photographed in 2011. · Dennis · CC BY-SA 3.0

A YubiKey USB security device photographed in 2011.

Dennis · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

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A laptop screen displays a spreadsheet with a data table and a line chart.
A spreadsheet simulation on a laboratory laptop, photographed in 2023. · MikeRun (Michael A. Rundel) · CC BY-SA 4.0

A spreadsheet simulation on a laboratory laptop, photographed in 2023.

MikeRun (Michael A. Rundel) · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Readers sit at desks in a library study room beside a bright window.
A study room at the Goa State Central Library, photographed in 2017. · Indira Rane · CC BY-SA 4.0

A study room at the Goa State Central Library, photographed in 2017.

Indira Rane · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Four colleagues meet around a table while one points to a map on the wall.
A NAVFAC Hawaii Planning Branch team meeting, photographed in 2012. · Krista K. Catian / NAVFAC Pacific Public Affairs · CC BY 2.0

A NAVFAC Hawaii Planning Branch team meeting, photographed in 2012.

Krista K. Catian / NAVFAC Pacific Public Affairs · Source page

CC BY 2.0

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Donkeys carry stacks of bricks along a street with people and bicycles nearby.
Working donkeys carrying bricks in Agra, India, photographed in 2015. · Philip Nalangan · CC BY 4.0

Working donkeys carrying bricks in Agra, India, photographed in 2015.

Philip Nalangan · Source page

CC BY 4.0

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Two people collect litter beside coastal plants, with a clear refuse sack in the foreground.
U.S. Navy personnel take part in a beach cleanup on Diego Garcia, 15 July 2023. · Seaman Raquell Williams / U.S. Navy · Public domain (U.S. Navy)

U.S. Navy personnel take part in a beach cleanup on Diego Garcia, 15 July 2023.

Seaman Raquell Williams / U.S. Navy · Source page

Public domain (U.S. Navy)

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A manuscript page has Devanagari writing arranged around a shorter central passage, with small marginal marks.
A Sanskrit manuscript page from the Tattva Deepika commentary on the Ramayana’s Bala Kanda, in Devanagari; photographed in 2018. · Ms Sarah Welch · CC BY-SA 4.0

A Sanskrit manuscript page from the Tattva Deepika commentary on the Ramayana’s Bala Kanda, in Devanagari; photographed in 2018.

Ms Sarah Welch · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A long palm-leaf manuscript covered with lines of Grantha script and pierced for a binding cord.
A palm-leaf manuscript of the Mahabharata’s Drona Parvan: Sanskrit written in Grantha script, from the Whish collection. · Ms Sarah Welch · CC BY-SA 4.0

A palm-leaf manuscript of the Mahabharata’s Drona Parvan: Sanskrit written in Grantha script, from the Whish collection.

Ms Sarah Welch · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Three manuscript excerpts with Sanskrit text in Devanagari and orange highlighting.
Selected, non-sequential pages from an eighteenth-century Yoga Sutra manuscript with commentary, held at the University of Pennsylvania. · Ms Sarah Welch · CC BY-SA 4.0

Selected, non-sequential pages from an eighteenth-century Yoga Sutra manuscript with commentary, held at the University of Pennsylvania.

Ms Sarah Welch · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A printed page of Sanskrit Nyaya Sutras in Devanagari.
The opening ten Nyaya Sutras, reproduced from an 1896 printed edition; photographed in 2016. · Ms Sarah Welch · CC BY-SA 4.0

The opening ten Nyaya Sutras, reproduced from an 1896 printed edition; photographed in 2016.

Ms Sarah Welch · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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The pale stone Jain temple at Ranakpur, with clustered towers and trees around it.
The Jain temple at Ranakpur, Rajasthan, dedicated to Rishabhanatha (Adinath); photographed in November 2019. · Ninara · CC BY 2.0

The Jain temple at Ranakpur, Rajasthan, dedicated to Rishabhanatha (Adinath); photographed in November 2019.

Ninara · Source page

CC BY 2.0

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Carved stone columns, sculpted walls and several levels of galleries inside Rani ki Vav stepwell.
Rani ki Vav, the historic stepwell at Patan, Gujarat; photographed in January 2023. · Ninara · CC BY 2.0

Rani ki Vav, the historic stepwell at Patan, Gujarat; photographed in January 2023.

Ninara · Source page

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An artisan works at a wooden handloom among stretched threads in a workshop.
An artisan weaving mulberry silk on a handloom in West Bengal, photographed in March 2025. · DaredevilP · CC BY-SA 4.0

An artisan weaving mulberry silk on a handloom in West Bengal, photographed in March 2025.

DaredevilP · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Small oil lamps burn at night during Diwali.
Diwali lamps in West Bengal, photographed in November 2021. · Pinakpani · CC BY-SA 4.0

Diwali lamps in West Bengal, photographed in November 2021.

Pinakpani · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Trains and platforms inside Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus.
Railway platforms at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, Mumbai, photographed in December 2022. · Rajendra B. Aklekar · CC BY-SA 4.0

Railway platforms at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, Mumbai, photographed in December 2022.

Rajendra B. Aklekar · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A group of Bharatanatyam dancers in bright pink costumes hold coordinated poses outdoors.
A group of Bharatanatyam dancers, photographed in April 2025. · Prathvi Acharya · CC BY-SA 4.0

A group of Bharatanatyam dancers, photographed in April 2025.

Prathvi Acharya · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Large cantilever fishing nets extend over the water at Kochi.
Chinese fishing nets at Kochi, Kerala, photographed in October 2021; a present-day coastal scene. · Ppyoonus · CC BY-SA 4.0

Chinese fishing nets at Kochi, Kerala, photographed in October 2021; a present-day coastal scene.

Ppyoonus · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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Ravi Shankar and Anoushka Shankar perform sitar on a concert stage with accompanying musicians.
Ravi Shankar and Anoushka Shankar in a sitar concert, 28 October 2005. · Revanta Banerji · CC BY-SA 2.0

Ravi Shankar and Anoushka Shankar in a sitar concert, 28 October 2005.

Revanta Banerji · Source page

CC BY-SA 2.0

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A manuscript illustration shows Ravidas and Kabir seated facing one another beneath a tree.
A manuscript painting depicting Ravidas and Kabir beneath a tree, Wellcome Library image L0024542. This is an artistic depiction, not a life portrait. · Unknown artist; Wellcome Library, London · CC BY 4.0

A manuscript painting depicting Ravidas and Kabir beneath a tree, Wellcome Library image L0024542. This is an artistic depiction, not a life portrait.

Unknown artist; Wellcome Library, London · Source page

CC BY 4.0

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A printed facsimile plate shows rows of Brahmi lettering from Ashoka’s Girnar rock edicts.
A published facsimile of Ashoka’s rock edicts at Girnar. This is a documentary reproduction of the lettering, not a photograph of the rock. · Aśoka; Alexander Cunningham; Eugen Hultzsch (Commons attribution) · Public domain

A published facsimile of Ashoka’s rock edicts at Girnar. This is a documentary reproduction of the lettering, not a photograph of the rock.

Aśoka; Alexander Cunningham; Eugen Hultzsch (Commons attribution) · Source page

Public domain

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A green rose-ringed parakeet perches on a broken tree trunk.
A rose-ringed parakeet in the Western Ghats, Kerala, photographed in December 2021. · Kandukuru Nagarjun · CC BY 2.0

A rose-ringed parakeet in the Western Ghats, Kerala, photographed in December 2021.

Kandukuru Nagarjun · Source page

CC BY 2.0

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A person carries a blue emergency-preparedness bag through a doorway.
A portable emergency-supplies bag in a Madison County preparedness photograph, 2021. · PEO ACWA · CC BY 2.0

A portable emergency-supplies bag in a Madison County preparedness photograph, 2021.

PEO ACWA · Source page

CC BY 2.0

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The calligraphic Preamble of India’s Constitution framed by a decorated border.
The Preamble in the original calligraphic Constitution of India, 1949. This historical page predates later amendments to its wording. · Illumination: Beohar Rammanohar Sinha; calligraphy: Prem Behari Narain Raizada · Public domain (Commons PD-India)

The Preamble in the original calligraphic Constitution of India, 1949. This historical page predates later amendments to its wording.

Illumination: Beohar Rammanohar Sinha; calligraphy: Prem Behari Narain Raizada · Source page

Public domain (Commons PD-India)

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Copper-alloy sculpture of elephant-headed Ganesha ji standing with four arms on a pedestal.
Ganesha, Tamil Nadu, 12th century, Chola period; copper alloy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2015.500.4.12. · Unknown sculptor; image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 1.0 (public domain)

Ganesha, Tamil Nadu, 12th century, Chola period; copper alloy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2015.500.4.12.

Unknown sculptor; image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Source page

CC0 1.0 (public domain)

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Bhagwan Shiva as Nataraja dances within a ring of flames in a copper-alloy sculpture.
Shiva as Lord of Dance (Nataraja), Tamil Nadu, late 11th century; copper alloy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987.80.1. · Unknown sculptor; image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 1.0 (public domain)

Shiva as Lord of Dance (Nataraja), Tamil Nadu, late 11th century; copper alloy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987.80.1.

Unknown sculptor; image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Source page

CC0 1.0 (public domain)

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Carved stone sculpture of Bhagwan Vishnu standing with smaller figures of Maa Lakshmi and Maa Sarasvati beside him.
Vishnu with Lakshmi and Sarasvati, Bihar, second half of the 11th century, Pala period; black stone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987.178. · Unknown sculptor; image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 1.0 (public domain)

Vishnu with Lakshmi and Sarasvati, Bihar, second half of the 11th century, Pala period; black stone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987.178.

Unknown sculptor; image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Source page

CC0 1.0 (public domain)

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Multi-armed Maa Durga holds weapons above the buffalo demon in a copper-alloy sculpture framed by an arch.
Durga slaying Mahisha, northern Bengal in present-day Bangladesh, about the 12th century; copper alloy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2020.399. · Unknown sculptor; image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 1.0 (public domain)

Durga slaying Mahisha, northern Bengal in present-day Bangladesh, about the 12th century; copper alloy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2020.399.

Unknown sculptor; image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Source page

CC0 1.0 (public domain)

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Black-and-white profile portrait of Jawaharlal Nehru wearing a white cap, with a hand near his chin.
Jawaharlal Nehru in a historical photograph from the Walter Nash papers, shared by Archives New Zealand. Cropped portrait; original photograph date unspecified. · Archives New Zealand; Commons crop by Kaythehistorian · CC BY-SA 2.0

Jawaharlal Nehru in a historical photograph from the Walter Nash papers, shared by Archives New Zealand. Cropped portrait; original photograph date unspecified.

Archives New Zealand; Commons crop by Kaythehistorian · Source page

CC BY-SA 2.0

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam smiles in a dark high-collared jacket.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, photographed on 26 August 2008 by Lijesh K. · Lijesh K; Commons crop and contrast adjustments by Materialscientist and Kalki · CC BY-SA 3.0

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, photographed on 26 August 2008 by Lijesh K.

Lijesh K; Commons crop and contrast adjustments by Materialscientist and Kalki · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

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Historical portrait of young Vallabhbhai Patel wearing a dark coat, white collar and moustache.
Vallabhbhai Patel as a district pleader in Borsad, about 1903; unknown photographer. · Unknown photographer; source shared by PIB Home Affairs, Government of India · Public domain (Commons PD-India)

Vallabhbhai Patel as a district pleader in Borsad, about 1903; unknown photographer.

Unknown photographer; source shared by PIB Home Affairs, Government of India · Source page

Public domain (Commons PD-India)

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Samrat Yantra sundial at Jaipur, with a tall central structure, curved measuring scales and gardens in front.
Samrat Yantra at Jaipur’s 18th-century Jantar Mantar observatory, photographed in November 2017. This later astronomy instrument is not associated with Aryabhata personally. · Swapnil.Karambelkar · CC BY-SA 4.0

Samrat Yantra at Jaipur’s 18th-century Jantar Mantar observatory, photographed in November 2017. This later astronomy instrument is not associated with Aryabhata personally.

Swapnil.Karambelkar · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A test strip with coloured pads placed against the colour scale on a box of pH indicator strips.
A pH indicator strip compared with its printed colour scale. · Michael Krahe · CC BY-SA 3.0

A pH indicator strip compared with its printed colour scale.

Michael Krahe · Source page

CC BY-SA 3.0

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A dark grey graphite specimen with a black mechanical pencil laid diagonally across it.
A graphite specimen with a mechanical pencil, from the Auckland Museum collection. · Auckland Museum Collections · CC BY 2.0

A graphite specimen with a mechanical pencil, from the Auckland Museum collection.

Auckland Museum Collections · Source page

CC BY 2.0

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The circular historic Parliament House in New Delhi behind trees, a road and landscaped gardens.
The historic Parliament House in New Delhi, photographed in 2014. · Nikhil B (Nikhilb239) · CC BY-SA 4.0

The historic Parliament House in New Delhi, photographed in 2014.

Nikhil B (Nikhilb239) · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

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A red-sandstone sculpture of elephant-headed Ganesha ji dancing, with multiple arms and a snake held above his head.
Dancing Ganesha, Madhya Pradesh, about the 10th century, Kalacuri dynasty; red sandstone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2007.480.2. · Unknown sculptor; image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 1.0 (public domain)

Dancing Ganesha, Madhya Pradesh, about the 10th century, Kalacuri dynasty; red sandstone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2007.480.2.

Unknown sculptor; image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Source page

CC0 1.0 (public domain)

Creator’s website or profile

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Historical painting of Bhagwan Shiva and Maa Parvati beneath a tree, with Ganesha ji in the foreground between a bull and a lion and Bhagwan Kartikeya (Kumara) beside a peacock.
Shiva and His Family, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, early 19th century; opaque watercolor with gold and silver paint on paper. The Walters Art Museum, W.907. · Unknown Indian artist; image: The Walters Art Museum · Public domain; museum record also designates CC0

Shiva and His Family, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, early 19th century; opaque watercolor with gold and silver paint on paper. The Walters Art Museum, W.907.

Unknown Indian artist; image: The Walters Art Museum · Source page

Public domain; museum record also designates CC0

Creator’s website or profile

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An image of Ganesha ji surrounded by flower garlands and festival participants, with a Kesari Ganeshotsav sign behind it.
Kesari Wada Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav Mandal, Pune, Maharashtra; photographed by Pooja Jadhav on 28 September 2023. · Pooja Jadhav · CC BY-SA 4.0

Kesari Wada Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav Mandal, Pune, Maharashtra; photographed by Pooja Jadhav on 28 September 2023.

Pooja Jadhav · Source page

CC BY-SA 4.0

Creator’s website or profile

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Kalighat painting of Hanuman ji carrying a leafy mountain above Shri Rama, who supports the injured Shri Lakshmana.
Hanuman ji brings the mountain to Shri Lakshmana in this Kalighat painting, illustrating a later Ramayana episode. · Wellcome Library, London · CC BY 4.0

Hanuman ji brings the mountain to Shri Lakshmana in this Kalighat painting, illustrating a later Ramayana episode.

Wellcome Library, London · Source page

CC BY 4.0

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A manuscript page of the Isha Upanishad with lines of handwritten Sanskrit in Devanagari and red verse markers.
An Isha Upanishad manuscript, folio 1r, Wellcome MS Indic 37. · Wellcome Library, London · CC BY 4.0

An Isha Upanishad manuscript, folio 1r, Wellcome MS Indic 37.

Wellcome Library, London · Source page

CC BY 4.0

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Black-and-white portrait of Swami Vivekananda in a turban with folded arms, with handwritten text and his signature at the sides.
Swami Vivekananda in Chicago, September 1893; portrait with handwritten text and signature. · Unknown photographer, via Wikimedia Commons · Public domain

Swami Vivekananda in Chicago, September 1893; portrait with handwritten text and signature.

Unknown photographer, via Wikimedia Commons · Source page

Public domain

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Gateway of India photograph credit → · Learning photographs and illustration credits →